How Retinoblastoma Is A Form Of Cancer - 1589 Words

Retinoblastoma is a form of cancer found in young children, which develops from cells of the retina, the tissue of the eye that detects light. It arises from a mutation, either a point mutation or complete deletion of both of the Rb tumour suppressor genes within a cell, and can be a result of inherited or sporadic genetic default. Loss or defect of this region on chromosome 13 means cells can proliferate uncontrollably, leading to tumour formation that not only affects the eye but can spread to the brain or cause metastases in bone, soft tissue and the central nervous system via haematogenous spread. The invasive treatment of large tumours can cause major consequences for sufferers; for example enucleation leads to loss of vision and radiotherapy can increase a child’s chances of developing second metastases. Introduction Retinoblastoma is a rare malignant cancer of infancy and early childhood, where tumours develop in the cells of the retina, the light sensitive lining of the eye (1) (see figure 1). The cancer develops due to the loss or mutation of both of the Rb genes within a retinal cell and can be inherited or sporadic. With the inherited form, sufferers have a germline mutation of the Rb gene, making most cases bilateral, but with the sporadic form the first ‘hit’ occurs randomly in a retinal cell, hence the majority of cases are unilateral. The number of infants diagnosed with retinoblastoma has doubled over the past forty years (2) with the disease now beingShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Retinoblastoma1236 Words   |  5 PagesCancer comes in many forms and can attack just about anyone. Some cancers take more time to grow, spread and show signs of attack, but it is very important for everyone to be very careful and cautious because anyone can be a victim for this crue l cancer. Retinoblastoma is one of the cancers that can become very fatal to someone’s vision if not treated. Retinoblastoma is caused when the cancer cells start to grow with no control. Cells can become cancer cells in any part of the body so it is veryRead MoreTumor Busting Virus Essay738 Words   |  3 PagesSince it seems almost everyone has endured the pain of cancer or has a loved one who has been diagnosed with some form of cancer, it is refreshing to see that researchers and scientists are coming together to find fresh techniques to help heal this tragic illness. This new remedy that scientists are experimenting with is called virotherapy. Virotherapy was defined in the article as viruses that have been genetically engineered to find and kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells untouched. A treatmentRead MoreCancer And Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of this manuscript was indicating how a particular gene is connected to how tumors/cancer are suppressed and how tumors/cancer also grow and multiply. When the codon is manipulated and mutated, the point in which the codon becomes altered, or the point in which the p53 gene is stimulated, forms reactions that may be harmful or can be non-threatening. The reaction that could be harmful could generate destruction to the gene and therefore form cancer. A non-threatening reaction may cause a reconstructionRead MoreThe Bare Bones Of Cancer1082 Words   |  5 PagesBare Bones of Cancer A silent killer of today is cancer; there are many different forms of cancer. For each different style of cancer, there are many unanswered questions about cancer, even if most of them are currently unknown to us. Cancer is a debilitating and often fatal disease, but thanks to current medical research, knowing the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and planning the treatments have become much easier. There is not one known direct cause to developing bone cancer. However, scientistsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tumor Suppressor Genes and Proto-Oncogenes1341 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Discuss an example of how recent advances in our understanding of these genes have led to the development of a novel therapy that is being used in the treatment of human cancer. Cancer known in medicine as a malignant neoplasm is one of the biggest killers worldwide. In 2007, cancer caused roughly 13% (7.9 million) of the planet’s deaths (Jemal, 2011). This will more greatly affect an aging society such as ours in years to come, andRead MoreCommon Types Of Primary Bone Cancer1737 Words   |  7 Pageses. Cancer can begin in any type of bone tissue. Bones are made up of osteoid (hard or compact), cartilaginous (tough, flexible), and fibrous (threadlike) tissue, as well as elements of bone marrow (soft, spongy tissue in the center of most bones). Common types of primary bone cancer include the following: Osteosarcoma, which arises from osteoid tissue in the bone. This tumor occurs most often in the knee and upper arm (1). Chondrosarcoma, which begins in cartilaginous tissue. Cartilage pads theRead MoreThe Outsider Phenomenon In Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis1199 Words   |  5 Pagesis always laboring and traveling to support his family, he has no time for relationships or personal pleasures, turning him into an outsider. One fateful morning, Gregor awoke in his bed to discover to be changed into a physical manifestation or how he was treated; an enormous cockroach. He awakes in a panic, not because he is now a gargantuan arthropod, but because he has missed his train, and is late for work. His family shares this sentiment, becoming concerned when Gregor has not vacatedRead MoreThe Early Viral Genes ( E6 And E7 )1802 Words   |  8 Pages This gene has the ability to form a complex with three important elements that are used to initiate infection including: the epidermal growth-factor receptor, the platelet derived growth factor ß receptor, and the colony-stimulating factor receptor [4]. HP V E5 early gene may cause damaging effects on the ability of host DNA to replicate which ultimately prevents apoptosis leading to the development of lesions [4][6]. Once the HPV lesions progress to cervical cancer tumorigenesis and the HPV DNARead MoreBone Cancer : A Rare Form Of Cancer1792 Words   |  8 PagesBone cancer is a rare form of cancer that starts in a person’s bone structure. Bone cancer can develop in any bone of the person, but is commonly seen in the longer bones in the person’s upper and lower extremities. There are several types of bone malignancies that are known, some of which affect children while others primarily impact adults (Mayo Clinic, 2015, p. 1). Among the more prevalent types of bone malignancies include the following (a) Osteosarcoma, this type of malignancy begins in theRead MoreIs Cancer A Genetic Disease?2353 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Cancer is one of the oldest genetic diseases known to man. Since the evolution of mitosis as a means for cell division and the development of multicellular eukaryotes - like humans and their biological progenitors - mutations in normal cell maturation and proliferation have resulted in various types of cancers, some benign but many of which exhibit great malignancy (Hajdu, 2011). Cancer, and one of its more common forms carcinoma, is characterized as a genetic disease where by mutations